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Hydroxycinnamic Acid
Hydroxycinnamic acid Precision Reference Materials for Confident Phenolic Profiling
Elevate your phenolic analysis with high-purity Hydroxycinnamic acid standards from HPC Standards. Our rigorously tested neat and solution CRMs for caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric, sinapic, and key esters e.g., chlorogenic, caftaric deliver traceable accuracy for HPLCLCMS workflows in wine, coffee, juice, botanicals, and environmental matrices. Benefit from accreditation-ready CoAs, isotopically labelled analogues for isotope dilution, and custom mixes tailored to your method and matrix. Rely on HPC Standards to streamline calibration, ensure method robustness, and secure reproducible resultsbatch after batch.
Product | Catalog No./ CAS No. | Quantity | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 682990 | 1X1000MG | Please log in. | |
 | 682985 | 1X1000MG | Please log in. | |
 | 689780 | 1X100MG | Please log in. |
HPC Standards provides high-purity reference materials for hydroxycinnamic acids and related phenylpropanoids, enabling precise identification, quantification, and method validation in food, beverage, and environmental laboratories according to international quality requirements.
Overview
Hydroxycinnamic acids (hydroxycinnamates) are aromatic phenylpropanoids with a C6–C3 skeleton and are hydroxy derivatives of cinnamic acid. Representative analytes include p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acids, as well as esters such as chlorogenic, caftaric, coutaric, and cichoric acids. These compounds occur widely in plants and plant-derived foods and are key markers for quality, authenticity, and processing effects.
Chemistry and Structure
General formula: substituted cinnamic acids bearing one or more phenolic hydroxyl groups; common substitution patterns include 4-hydroxy (p-coumaric), 3,4-dihydroxy (caffeic), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy (ferulic), and 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy (sinapic). Cis/trans isomerism around the C=C bond is analytically relevant, with trans-isomers often predominating in native matrices. Conjugation to tartaric acid (e.g., caftaric, coutaric, fertaric) and quinic acid (chlorogenic acid) is frequently observed.
Occurrence in Food and Environment
High levels are found in grapes and wine (caftaric, coutaric, fertaric), coffee (chlorogenic acids), fruits (apple, berries, pineapple, orange), cereals (oats, rice), nuts (peanut), and herbs (basil, thyme, oregano). Environmental occurrence includes plant leachates and agricultural runoff. Concentrations vary with cultivar, agronomy, processing, and storage.
Industrial and Laboratory Uses
Used as quality markers in wine, coffee, fruit juices, plant extracts, botanical ingredients, and dietary supplement raw materials. Employed for authenticity testing, processing and storage studies (oxidation/browning), fermentation monitoring, and antioxidant capacity assessments. In research, hydroxycinnamic acids serve as model phenolics for studying plant metabolism and oxidative reactions.
Regulatory Context
Hydroxycinnamic acids are naturally occurring constituents rather than regulated pesticide residues; however, their quantification supports compliance with product specifications, pharmacopeial or industry guidelines (e.g., OIV methods for wine phenolics), and labeling/claims substantiation. Laboratories may reference regional standards for method performance, data integrity, and measurement uncertainty.
Monitoring and Target Matrices
Typical matrices: wine and must, beer, cider, coffee and coffee beverages, teas and herbal infusions, fruit juices, cereals and milling fractions, oilseed meals, botanicals and extracts, wastewater and surface waters impacted by plant materials, and solid plant tissues (peel, pulp, leaves).
Health Impact – Human Toxicity
At dietary levels from plant foods, hydroxycinnamic acids generally exhibit low acute toxicity and contribute to antioxidant capacity. At high concentrations as pure substances, they may cause skin/eye irritation and can undergo oxidation to reactive quinones, potentially acting as haptens in sensitive individuals. Occupational exposure should be controlled to minimize inhalation of dusts and contact with eyes/skin.
Environmental Impact – Effects on Wildlife and Ecosystems
Hydroxycinnamic acids are biodegradable and subject to photolysis and microbial metabolism. Locally elevated concentrations can influence microbial community dynamics and contribute to dissolved organic matter reactivity but are not typically persistent or bioaccumulative. Sorption to organic matter varies with pH and substitution pattern.
Safety Measures and Handling
Use PPE (lab coat, gloves, safety glasses), handle powders in a fume hood, avoid dust generation, and prevent exposure to heat and light. Store dry, preferably under inert gas, in amber containers at 2–8 °C. Prepare fresh solutions in appropriate solvents (e.g., water/methanol with acidification) and minimize oxygen exposure to reduce oxidative degradation.
Analytical Methods
Primary techniques: HPLC/UPLC with UV-DAD (typical wavelengths 280–330 nm depending on analyte), LC–MS/MS for specificity and sensitivity, and UHPLC–HRMS for non-target screening and isomer resolution. Chromatographic separation commonly uses reversed-phase C18 with acidic mobile phases (e.g., formic acid) to improve peak shape. Derivatization is generally not required.
Sample Preparation
Solid matrices: extraction with acidified aqueous-organic solvents (e.g., methanol/water with 0.1–1% formic acid), assisted by sonication or vortexing; optional SPE cleanup (phenyl, mixed-mode, or polymeric sorbents). Liquids: dilution, filtration (0.2–0.45 µm), and pH adjustment. Protect from light and oxygen; include antioxidants (e.g., ascorbic acid) when compatible with the method.
Quantification and Calibration
Use multi-level external calibration with matrix-matched standards or standard addition to mitigate matrix effects. Internal standardization with stable isotope-labelled analogues is recommended where available. Typical linear ranges span low µg/L to mg/L, depending on matrix and detector. Report as individual isomers/conjugates and, where required, as sums of classes.
Isomerism and Conjugates
Trans-to-cis photoisomerization can occur during sampling and analysis; minimize by using amber glassware and reduced light exposure. Hydrolysis of esters (e.g., chlorogenic to caffeic acid) may occur under alkaline or high-temperature conditions; maintain acidic conditions to preserve native profiles unless total phenolic acids are targeted by controlled hydrolysis.
Quality Control Parameters
Include system suitability (resolution between positional isomers), retention time tolerance, spectral purity (DAD), ion ratio tolerances (MS/MS), and recovery/precision via fortified QC samples. Evaluate carryover, stability in autosampler, and inter-day variability. Establish measurement uncertainty consistent with laboratory QA systems.
Stability, Storage, and Shelf Life
Dry powders are more stable than solutions but remain susceptible to oxidation. Solutions should be prepared fresh or stored short-term at ≤4 °C, protected from light and air; for longer storage, freeze aliquots. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Monitor degradation by periodic reanalysis against fresh calibration.
Interferences and Matrix Effects
Co-eluting phenolics, sugars, organic acids, and pigments may cause UV baseline drift and ion suppression/enhancement in MS. Optimize chromatographic selectivity, consider alternative columns (phenyl-hexyl), and apply matrix-matched calibration or isotope dilution to correct for variability.
Reporting and Uncertainty
Report compound-specific results (e.g., caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid; caftaric, coutaric, chlorogenic acids) with units, expanded uncertainty, and basis (as-is or dry weight). State method references, LOD/LOQ, extraction factors, and any hydrolysis or photoprotection steps applied.
Applications in Food and Beverage Testing
Wine: phenolic profiling for varietal characterization, oxidation risk assessment, and browning control. Coffee and tea: chlorogenic acid content for roasting degree and quality metrics. Fruits/juices: quality control and processing impact. Grains and botanicals: raw material identity and consistency checks.
Applications in Environmental Analysis
Characterization of plant-derived dissolved organic matter, monitoring of phenolic runoff from agricultural systems, and evaluation of natural attenuation processes. Hydroxycinnamic acids can serve as tracers of plant inputs to surface waters and sediments.
Analytical Reference Materials from HPC Standards
HPC Standards supplies neat and solution reference materials for key hydroxycinnamic acids and their esters, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, caftaric acid, and related compounds. Stable isotope-labelled analogues are available for selected targets to support isotope dilution mass spectrometry.
Each reference material is manufactured under rigorous quality control and tested according to international quality requirements. Comprehensive documentation (certificate of analysis with purity, identity confirmation, concentration where applicable, traceability, and uncertainty) supports accreditation-ready workflows.
Packaging options include amber vials for light-sensitive analytes, with recommended storage at 2–8 °C. Custom mixes, concentration ranges, and matrix-matched standards for wine, coffee, and juice applications are available on request to streamline calibration and quality control.