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Malathion diacid
Malathion diacid Precision Reference Materials for Confident LC-MSMS Quantification
Elevate your residue, metabolism, and biomonitoring workflows with high-purity Malathion diacid from HPC Standards. Our certified reference materialsavailable as neat or ready-to-use solutionsdeliver traceable calibration, robust QC, and reliable data across food, environmental, and biological matrices. Engineered for challenging polar analytes, they support HILIC or RP-LC methods, negative ESI MRM, and matrix-matched calibration, with isotopically labelled options for uncompromised accuracy. Rely on HPC Standards internationally tested quality, comprehensive documentation CoA, traceability, uncertainty, and a full portfolio of metabolites and stable isotope-labelled derivatives to meet regulatory expectations and streamline method validation.
Product | Catalog No./ CAS No. | Quantity | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 692829 | 1X10MG | ||
D6-Malathion diacid solution |  | 692830 | 1X1ML | |
 | 692827 | 1X10MG | ||
Malathion diacid solution |  | 692828 | 1X1ML |
High-purity reference materials for Malathion diacid to support reliable residue, metabolism, and biomonitoring studies in food, environmental, and biological matrices.
Overview
Malathion diacid is a polar hydrolysis metabolite of the organophosphate insecticide malathion. It is generated by successive ester cleavage of the diethyl succinate moiety, yielding a dicarboxylic acid derivative with markedly increased water solubility and reduced volatility compared to the parent compound.
As a key transformation product in organisms and the environment, Malathion diacid is important for comprehensive residue analysis, metabolism elucidation, and human biomonitoring programs.
Chemical Identity and Synonyms
Common name: Malathion diacid; also referred to as malathion dicarboxylic acid. It is the diacid hydrolysis product of malathion and should be distinguished from malathion monoacid and the oxidative metabolite malaoxon.
Structural features include a phosphorodithioate group and a terminal dicarboxylic acid functionality, conferring high polarity and strong tendency to reside in aqueous phases.
Formation and Metabolism
Malathion undergoes abiotic and biotic hydrolysis, producing monoacid and subsequently the diacid metabolite. Oxidative pathways can form malaoxon, which may further hydrolyze to acidic products. In mammals, hydrolysis by esterases leads to urinary excretion of Malathion diacid, frequently used as a specific biomarker of malathion exposure.
Environmental hydrolysis is favored under neutral to alkaline conditions and elevated temperatures, with the diacid typically dominating in aqueous and biological matrices at later timepoints.
Uses and Occurrence
Malathion diacid is not applied as a pesticide; it is a transformation product observed in plant and animal metabolism studies, environmental monitoring (surface and waste waters), and human biomonitoring samples such as urine.
Its occurrence informs degradation kinetics, exposure assessment, and source attribution of malathion-related residues.
Regulatory and Residue Definitions
Residue definitions for enforcement often center on malathion and malaoxon expressed as malathion. Nevertheless, Malathion diacid is relevant in metabolism and risk assessment dossiers, processing studies, and biomonitoring, where it serves as a specific marker of exposure.
Laboratories may be requested to include Malathion diacid in comprehensive screening or confirmatory methods to support regulatory submissions and internal stewardship programs.
Monitoring and Target Matrices
Common matrices include fruits and vegetables (metabolites in metabolism studies), animal tissues and fluids, surface and groundwater, wastewater, soil extracts, and human urine for occupational and population exposure studies.
The metabolite’s polarity necessitates adapted extraction and cleanup strategies compared with the parent compound.
Analytical Challenges
Due to high polarity and acidity, Malathion diacid shows limited retention in conventional reversed-phase LC without ion-pairing or specialized columns. Ion suppression from co-extracted matrix anions and organic acids is common.
Accurate quantification requires matrix-matched calibration or isotopically labelled internal standards, low adsorption surfaces, and stringent control of carryover.
Sample Preparation
Recommended workflows include aqueous extraction with acidified aqueous methanol, followed by mixed-mode strong anion-exchange or hydrophilic-lipophilic balance solid-phase extraction. Modified QuEChERS with dispersive cleanup can be used for select food matrices.
For urine, enzymatic deconjugation is typically unnecessary, as Malathion diacid is excreted predominantly in free form. Filtration through low protein-binding membranes helps minimize losses.
Instrumental Analysis
LC-MS/MS with negative electrospray ionization is preferred, using multiple reaction monitoring for selectivity. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography or reversed-phase with embedded polar groups improves retention and peak shape.
GC methods usually require derivatization of carboxyl groups and are less common for routine monitoring of this metabolite.
Calibration and Quality Control
Use bracketing calibration with at least six levels across the validated range, employing isotopically labelled Malathion diacid where available to correct for recovery and matrix effects.
Include procedural blanks, fortified matrix QC samples, and second-source verification standards. Routine participation in interlaboratory comparisons is recommended to demonstrate method proficiency.
Stability and Storage
Malathion diacid solutions are generally stable under refrigerated or frozen storage when prepared in aqueous-organic solvents at low pH. Avoid prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, strong bases, or reactive glass surfaces that can promote adsorption.
Store neat materials sealed, protected from light and moisture, and document stability with periodic requalification as per internal SOPs.
Health Impact — Human Toxicity
Malathion diacid exhibits significantly lower acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential than malathion or malaoxon. It is considered a detoxication product in mammals and is widely used as a specific urinary biomarker of malathion exposure.
While acute toxicity is low relative to the parent compound, standard chemical handling precautions apply to prevent irritation or unnecessary exposure.
Environmental Impact — Fate and Effects on Wildlife
The diacid’s increased polarity enhances mobility in aqueous compartments and reduces bioaccumulation potential. It can contribute to dissolved organic load but is generally of lower ecotoxicological concern compared with malaoxon and the parent.
Persistence depends on pH, temperature, and microbial activity. Monitoring supports understanding of environmental attenuation and transport following malathion use.
Safety Measures and Handling
Use appropriate personal protective equipment, including lab coat, safety glasses, and nitrile gloves. Handle solutions in a well-ventilated laboratory and avoid aerosol formation.
Dispose of wastes according to institutional and local regulations. Consult the safety data sheet for additional guidance on hazards and first aid measures.
Cross-Contamination and Matrix Effects
Prevent cross-contamination with dedicated glassware and autosampler vials. Employ needle wash routines and test for carryover between high and low standards.
Assess matrix effects via post-extraction addition experiments and mitigate through internal standardization and optimized cleanup.
Reporting and Measurement Uncertainty
Report results with associated measurement uncertainty derived from method validation data, including contributions from calibration, recovery, precision, and matrix effects.
Clearly state the residue definition and basis of expression to ensure comparability across studies and regulatory contexts.
Applications for Laboratories
Supports metabolism studies in crops and livestock, method development for enforcement screening, environmental fate assessments, occupational exposure monitoring, and human biomonitoring surveys.
Enables risk assessors and QA teams to confirm degradation pathways and exposure markers with defensible analytical data.
Analytical Standards and Reference Materials
High-quality reference materials for Malathion diacid are essential for calibration, system suitability testing, and ongoing quality control in LC-MS/MS assays.
Use of isotopically labelled analogs as internal standards is strongly recommended to achieve robust quantification in complex matrices.
HPC Standards Reference Materials
HPC Standards provides Malathion diacid reference materials in neat and solution formats, accompanied by detailed certificates of analysis, traceability, and uncertainty data. Products are manufactured and tested according to international quality requirements to meet the highest industrial standards.
We also offer metabolites, transformation products, and stable isotope-labelled derivatives to support comprehensive residue analysis in food and environmental laboratories, ensuring regulatory compliance and reliable results.