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Paraquat ("paraquat dipyridone") — reference materials for residue analysis
Paraquat dipyridone Certified Reference Materials for Confident Compliance
Ensure precise, traceable results in polar pesticide monitoring with HPC Standards certified Paraquat paraquat dipyridone reference materials. Our high-purity neat salts and ready-to-use solutionsbacked by full COAs and international quality standardsdeliver robust calibration for LCMSMS HILIC or ion-pair RP in food and environmental matrices. Achieve low gkg and gL LOQs, mitigate matrix effects with stable isotopelabeled internal standards, and streamline QuPPeSCX workflows. Choose custom concentrations, multi-analyte mixes, and reliable logistics from a trusted manufacturer specializing in pesticide residue analysis.
Product | Catalog No./ CAS No. | Quantity | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 692845 | 1X10MG | ||
D6-Paraquat dipyridone solution |  | 692846 | 1X1ML | |
 | 692843 | 1X10MG | ||
Paraquat dipyridone solution |  | 692844 | 1X1ML |
HPC Standards provides certified reference materials for Paraquat to support accurate monitoring in food and environmental matrices, enabling laboratories to meet international regulatory requirements with confidence.
Overview
Paraquat is a fast-acting, non-selective contact herbicide of the bipyridyl class (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium). Commercial formulations are typically the dichloride salt. It is highly polar and strongly cationic, which influences extraction and chromatographic behavior in residue analysis.
Typical identifiers: Paraquat dichloride (CAS: 1910-42-5); Paraquat cation (CAS: 4685-14-7). Molecular ion: C12H14N2 2+.
Terminology and synonyms
The search term "paraquat dipyridone" commonly refers to Paraquat, a bipyridyl herbicide (also known as paraquat dichloride; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride). It should not be confused with Diquat (another bipyridyl herbicide). For analytical work, target the paraquat cation.
Uses
Non-selective burndown herbicide for weed control in orchards, plantations, and pre-plant or pre-emergence applications. Acts by diverting electrons from photosystem I, forming reactive oxygen species that cause rapid desiccation of green tissue.
Regulatory status
European Union: Approval withdrawn; not authorized as a plant protection product. Residues in imported commodities are controlled via established or default MRLs under EU legislation.
United States: Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP). Specific risk mitigation includes mandatory training, closed-system packaging, and use restrictions per EPA decisions.
Other markets: National authorizations vary; many jurisdictions impose strict controls due to acute toxicity. Laboratories should verify current MRLs (EU, Codex, national) for target commodities.
Monitoring and compliance
Priority matrices: leafy vegetables, teas, cereals, pulses, fruits, plantation crops, surface and drinking water, and soils near treated areas.
Monitoring programs focus on low µg/kg levels in food and low µg/L in water. Due to high polarity and matrix interferences, robust calibration and isotopically labeled internal standards are recommended.
Health impact — human toxicity
Paraquat is highly acutely toxic by ingestion and inhalation of aerosols. Primary target is the lung with progression to pulmonary fibrosis; multi-organ effects may occur. There is no specific antidote; rapid decontamination and supportive care are critical.
Occupational exposure is mitigated through closed systems, PPE, and strict handling protocols. Chronic effects include respiratory impairment following significant acute exposure. Dermal absorption is limited but increases with damaged skin or solvent carriers.
Environmental impact
Strong adsorption to soils and sediments due to cationic nature; low mobility in most soils. Photodegradation on soil and plant surfaces; limited biodegradation under typical field conditions.
High acute toxicity to aquatic organisms. Careful management of drift and runoff is required to protect surface waters.
Effects on wildlife
Acute risks primarily for aquatic species and non-target plants in drift zones. Avian acute toxicity is moderate; risk depends on exposure scenarios. Pollinator toxicity is generally low by contact, but contaminated water sources may pose risk.
Occupational safety measures
Handle analytical solutions and neat materials in a certified chemical fume hood. Use nitrile gloves, lab coat, splash goggles, and, if aerosol formation is possible, appropriate respiratory protection.
Avoid skin breaks and contamination of clothing. Store locked and segregated from food/feed. Implement spill response with absorbents and deactivation under controlled conditions per institutional SOPs.
Sample preparation
Because of strong polarity and cationic behavior, use aqueous acidified extraction and cleanup tailored for polar pesticides (e.g., QuPPe-type procedures). Solid-phase extraction with strong cation exchange (SCX) or mixed-mode phases improves selectivity.
For water: direct filtration and dilution, followed by ion-pair or HILIC LC-MS/MS. For food: extract with acidified water/methanol, salt out as applicable, then SCX SPE cleanup prior to LC-MS/MS.
Analytical methods
Preferred: LC-MS/MS (HILIC or ion-pair reversed-phase) targeting the paraquat dication with characteristic product ions. Ion chromatography coupled to MS/MS is an alternative.
GC is generally unsuitable without derivatization due to thermal lability and charge state. Include isotopically labeled internal standards to correct for matrix effects and recovery.
Method performance and LOQs
Typical LOQs: 1–10 µg/kg for many foods using LC-MS/MS with matrix-matched calibration; ≤0.1–1 µg/L in waters with SPE preconcentration. Recovery 70–120% with RSD ≤20% is achievable using validated polar-pesticide workflows.
Quality assurance and traceability
Use reference materials with full Certificates of Analysis (purity, identity by LC/HRMS, uncertainty, traceability, stability). Apply bracketing calibration and QC at multiple levels, with fortified matrix controls and procedural blanks.
Matrices and applications
Food: leafy greens, herbs, fruits, cereals, tea/infusions, pulses, oilseeds (polar fraction). Environment: surface water, groundwater, wastewater, soils, sediments. Occupational/forensic: formulation verification and exposure investigations (as allowed by local regulations).
Packaging and formats
HPC Standards supplies paraquat reference materials as neat salts and ready-to-use certified solutions at common concentration levels, including custom concentrations and mixes on request.
Isotope-labeled internal standards
Stable isotope-labeled paraquat internal standards are recommended to compensate for matrix effects and variable ion suppression in LC-MS/MS. HPC Standards offers labeled derivatives for enhanced quantification fidelity.
Storage and stability
Store solutions protected from light at 2–8 °C or as indicated on the COA; avoid adsorption to glass and active surfaces. For long-term storage, use appropriate containers (e.g., PTFE-lined caps) and minimize headspace. Observe labeled shelf life and requalification intervals.
Related compounds and interferences
Diquat and other bipyridyl herbicides may co-elute under non-optimized conditions; resolve chromatographically and by MRM transitions. Monitor potential matrix isobaric interferences and apply SCX cleanup where needed.
Documentation delivered
Each reference material is accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis detailing purity, identity, preparation gravimetry, uncertainty budget, traceability, storage conditions, and expiry date, complying with international quality requirements.
Ordering information
Available as single-component reference materials, multi-analyte mixes for polar pesticides, and isotope-labeled internal standards. Custom solutions, pack sizes, and matrix-matched materials are available on request to support your validated methods.