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Sudan I (Solvent Yellow 14) — Reference Materials for Regulatory Testing
Sudan I High-Purity Reference Materials for Confident Regulatory Testing
Ensure traceable, compliant results with HPC Standards Sudan I Solvent Yellow 14 reference materials. Designed for accredited food and environmental laboratories, our standards support LC-DAD and LCMSMS screening and confirmation at low gkg levels, enabling reliable method validation, matrixmatched calibration, and ongoing QC. Delivered with comprehensive Certificates of Analysis identity, purity, uncertainty, stability to meet ISOIEC 17025 and ISO 17034 requirements. Available as neat material, readytouse solutions, and custom multi-analyte mixes e.g., Sudan IIIV to streamline surveillance of spices, oils, textiles, and highrisk imports. Partner with HPC Standards for precision, consistency, and regulatory confidence.
Product | Catalog No./ CAS No. | Quantity | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 679682 | 1X10MG | Please log in. | |
 | 692980 | 1X5MG | ||
D6-Sudan I solution |  | 692981 | 1X1ML | |
 | 685537 | 1X100MG | Please log in. |
HPC Standards GmbH provides high-purity reference materials for Sudan I (CAS 842-07-9) to support accredited laboratories in food and environmental analysis, compliance monitoring, and method validation.
Overview
Sudan I is an orange-red azo dye (1-(Phenyldiazenyl)naphthalen-2-ol) historically used to color oils, waxes, hydrocarbons, and polishes. Its non-permitted use as an adulterant in spices and chili-derived products has led to global food safety incidents. Sudan I is not authorized as a food colorant and is restricted in consumer products in many regions.
IARC classification: Group 3 (not classifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans). EU CLP classification commonly includes H317 (may cause an allergic skin reaction), H341 (suspected of causing genetic defects), H351 (suspected of causing cancer), and H413 (may cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life).
Chemical Identity and Properties
Synonyms: Solvent Yellow 14; Solvent Orange R; 1-Phenylazo-2-naphthol.
CAS: 842-07-9 | EC: 212-668-2 | PubChem CID: 13297 | Molecular formula: C16H12N2O | Molar mass: 248.28 g/mol.
Physical data: melting point ~131 °C; density ~1.2 g/cm³; low water solubility; lipophilic; prone to photodegradation under light exposure.
Uses and Sources of Contamination
Permitted uses: coloration of non-food materials such as oils, waxes, polishes, and solvent-based formulations. Also used in colored smoke compositions.
Illicit uses: non-authorized addition to spices (e.g., chili, curry), sauces, and spice blends to enhance color. Cross-contamination can occur along the supply chain, requiring routine surveillance.
Regulatory Status
Food: Banned for food use in the EU and US. EU actions since 2003 via the Rapid Alert System; notable UK recall incident in 2005 due to adulterated chili powder in processed foods.
Consumer products: Azo colorants restrictions under EU REACH Annex XVII for textiles and leather in direct and prolonged contact with skin or oral cavity. Placing such articles on the EU market is prohibited.
Chemical hazard classification (EU CLP): typically H317, H341, H351, H413; Signal word: Warning.
Monitoring and Surveillance
Target matrices: spices (chili powder, curry), spice blends, sauces, oils, fats, food contact materials, textiles, and leathers.
Sampling: risk-based sampling of high-risk commodities (brightly colored spices), supplier audits, and targeted import controls. Use of homogenized representative samples to mitigate heterogeneity in spices.
Health Impact
Human toxicity: suspected carcinogenicity and mutagenicity based on animal data; skin sensitization and irritation possible. Mechanistic data indicate metabolic activation via CYP1A1/CYP3A4 and peroxidases with formation of DNA adducts in experimental systems.
Risk assessment: due to genotoxic concerns, no tolerable daily intake is established; zero-tolerance policy in foods is common practice.
Environmental Impact
Behavior: low water solubility, affinity for organic phases, potential persistence in materials; photodegradation occurs under light but colorfastness on substrates is poor.
Ecotoxicology: GHS H413 indicates potential long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life; data gaps remain for chronic toxicity to wildlife; precautionary management is advised.
Analytical Methods
Instrumental: HPLC-DAD/UV-Vis for screening; LC-MS/MS or UHPLC-MS/MS for confirmation and quantitation at low µg/kg levels. GC-MS is less common due to analyte polarity and thermal behavior.
Chromatography: reversed-phase C18, gradient elution with acetonitrile or methanol/water and formic acid or ammonium formate for MS compatibility. Typical retention in mid-to-late gradient; monitor characteristic azo chromophore absorbance (~480–500 nm) and MS transitions.
Sample Preparation
Food matrices (spices/sauces): extraction with acetonitrile or acetonitrile:water; optional QuEChERS-style salting-out; dispersive SPE (PSA/C18/Z-Sep) to reduce pigments and lipids. Final filtration prior to LC analysis.
Oils/fats: hexane or acetonitrile partitioning; cleanup via silica/C18 SPE. Textiles/leather: solvent extraction (e.g., toluene or DCM/hexane) under controlled conditions.
Typical LOQs and Performance
Validated LC-MS/MS methods commonly achieve LOQs in the range of 0.1–5 µg/kg depending on matrix complexity and cleanup efficiency. Recovery targets: 70–120% with RSD ≤20% in complex spices; method blanks and matrix-matched calibration recommended.
Quality Assurance and Accreditation
Use matrix-appropriate calibration strategies: external in solvent, matrix-matched, or standard addition for highly pigmented matrices. Include procedural blanks, fortified controls, duplicates, and internal standards where applicable.
Method validation aligned with SANTE/ISO 17025 principles: selectivity, linearity, LOQ/LOD, recovery, precision, measurement uncertainty, and robustness (light sensitivity control for Sudan I).
Safety Measures and Handling
PPE: lab coat, nitrile gloves, eye protection; handle powders and solutions in a fume hood. Avoid skin contact and inhalation. Prevent releases to the environment.
Storage: protect from light; store in tightly closed amber containers at 2–8 °C; segregate from oxidizing agents. Observe GHS precautions and local regulations for waste disposal.
Regulatory References
EU: REACH Annex XVII restrictions on azo colorants; historical Directives on azo dyes replaced by REACH. Food: EU measures following RASFF notifications; zero tolerance in foods. IARC: Group 3 classification for carcinogenicity.
Applications for Laboratories
Use cases: surveillance of imported spices and derivatives, verification of supplier compliance, incident response and recalls, proficiency testing, and development/validation of LC-MS/MS methods.
Sectors: official control laboratories, food manufacturers, contract testing labs, textile and leather QA, and environmental testing where dye contamination is suspected.
Analytical Standards
HPC Standards reference materials for Sudan I are designed for traceable calibration, method validation, and ongoing QC in accordance with international quality requirements. Custom concentrations and solvent matrices are available to fit LC-DAD and LC-MS/MS workflows.
Supporting documentation includes Certificates of Analysis with identity confirmation, purity, uncertainty, and stability information to meet ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO 17034-driven QA needs.
Ordering Information and Custom Solutions
Available as neat material and ready-to-use solutions in common solvents (e.g., acetonitrile). Custom multi-analyte mixes with related Sudan dyes (e.g., Sudan II, III, IV) can be prepared on request to support screening panels.
For bulk, bespoke concentrations, or matrix-specific mixes, contact HPC Standards technical support for consultation and lead times.