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Phenoxybenzoic acid
Phenoxybenzoic acid High-Purity Reference Materials for Confident Pyrethroid Monitoring
Elevate your residue analysis with traceable phenoxybenzoic acid standards from HPC Standards GmbH. Our high-purity 3-phenoxybenzoic acid 3-PBA materials including isotopically labelled analogues deliver reliable calibration and QC for LCMSMS and GCMS workflows across food, environmental, and human biomonitoring applications. Manufactured under rigorous quality control and supplied with comprehensive CoAs, our standards support ISOIEC 17025 method validation, matrix-matched calibration, and isotope-dilution quantification. Partner with HPC Standards to achieve precise, compliant results in pyrethroid exposure assessment.
Product | Catalog No./ CAS No. | Quantity | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 679737 | 1X10MG | Please log in. | |
 | 681377 | 1X100MG | Please log in. | |
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid solution |  | 692767 | 1X5ML | Please log in. |
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid solution |  | 692768 | 1X5ML | Please log in. |
ISO 17034 Certified Reference Material |  | 693238 | 1X50MG | Please log in. |
High-quality reference materials for phenoxybenzoic acid (notably 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3-PBA) to support robust residue analysis in food, environmental, and human biomonitoring laboratories.
Overview
Phenoxybenzoic acid refers to a family of isomeric phenoxy-substituted benzoic acids. The most relevant isomer for residue analysis is 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a ubiquitous degradation product and metabolite of many pyrethroid insecticides (e.g., permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin). 3-PBA is widely measured as a marker of pyrethroid exposure in environmental samples and human biomonitoring.
In regulatory testing and surveillance, phenoxybenzoic acid is important as a transformation product indicating the presence or breakdown of parent pyrethroids in food chains and environmental compartments.
Chemical Identity and Isomers
Common analyte: 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA); other isomers include 2- and 4-phenoxybenzoic acid. Analytical methods and reference materials commonly target 3-PBA due to its relevance as a metabolic marker.
Typical properties (3-PBA): weak organic acid, low to moderate water solubility (pH dependent), aromatic carboxylic acid with a phenoxy substituent; suitable for LC–MS/MS and GC–MS analysis following appropriate sample preparation.
Sources and Formation
Formed via abiotic and biotic degradation of pyrethroid insecticides in the environment (hydrolysis, photolysis, microbial transformation) and via metabolic pathways in humans and other organisms.
Detected in environmental matrices (surface water, sediment, soil, dust), food commodities impacted by pyrethroid use, and in human urine as conjugates (e.g., glucuronides) after exposure.
Uses
Analytical target as a surrogate marker for pyrethroid exposure and occurrence in monitoring programs.
Calibration and quality control in residue analysis using certified reference materials, including native and isotopically labelled derivatives for isotope-dilution quantification.
Regulatory Context
While maximum residue levels (MRLs) are set for parent pyrethroid active substances in food and feed, phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) is often measured to assess exposure and degradation. Regulatory monitoring frameworks (e.g., EU official controls, national surveillance, and international programs) frequently include 3-PBA as an indicator of pyrethroid residues and transformation.
In drinking water and environmental assessments, pyrethroids are regulated; their metabolites, including 3-PBA, may be monitored to inform risk evaluation and treatment efficacy, according to regional requirements.
Monitoring and Biomonitoring
Human biomonitoring commonly quantifies urinary 3-PBA (free and conjugated forms after enzymatic hydrolysis) as a non-specific biomarker of exposure to multiple pyrethroids. Population studies (e.g., national health surveys) use 3-PBA to track exposure trends.
Environmental monitoring includes water, sediment, soil, indoor dust, and biota to evaluate pyrethroid usage patterns, fate, and transport, with 3-PBA serving as a persistent indicator metabolite.
Sample Matrices and Preparation
Typical matrices: urine, blood (less frequent), food extracts, surface and wastewater, soil/sediment extracts, indoor dust, plant and animal tissues.
Common preparation: enzymatic deconjugation for urine; solid-phase extraction (SPE) or liquid–liquid extraction; derivatization for GC-based methods when required; clean-up tailored to matrix complexity to minimize ion suppression and interferences.
Analytical Methods
LC–MS/MS: direct quantification of 3-PBA with negative electrospray ionization, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM); suitable for polar matrices with minimal derivatization.
GC–MS(/MS): analysis of derivatized 3-PBA (e.g., methyl/trimethylsilyl esters) to enhance volatility and sensitivity; widely used in legacy and confirmatory methods.
Method performance: sub-ng/mL (urine) or low µg/kg (food/environment) limits of quantification achievable with proper extraction, matrix-matched calibration, and isotope-dilution using labelled reference materials.
Quality Assurance and Reference Materials
Accurate quantification requires high-purity reference materials for 3-PBA and, where appropriate, its isomers. Stable isotope-labelled analogues (e.g., deuterated or 13C-labelled 3-PBA) are recommended for isotope-dilution to correct for recovery and matrix effects.
HPC Standards provides traceable reference materials manufactured under stringent quality control, with comprehensive documentation (CoA) to support method validation, calibration, and routine QC in accredited laboratories.
Health Impact
Human toxicity (3-PBA): significantly lower acute toxicity than parent pyrethroids; commonly detected at low levels in urine as an exposure biomarker. Current evidence indicates low acute hazard at environmental exposure levels; toxicological profiles are primarily derived from in vitro and animal studies.
Potential effects reported in the literature include mild irritancy in concentrated form and, in some experimental systems, weak receptor-mediated activities at high concentrations. Interpretation should consider that 3-PBA is a marker metabolite and not a direct substitute for risk assessment of individual pyrethroids.
Environmental Impact
3-PBA can be relatively persistent compared to some parent pyrethroids under certain conditions and may be transported in aquatic systems. It is less acutely toxic than pyrethroids but contributes to the overall residue profile used to evaluate environmental loading and degradation pathways.
Degradation and removal depend on pH, microbial activity, photolysis, and treatment processes in water and wastewater systems.
Effects on Wildlife
While pyrethroids are highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates and fish, 3-PBA generally exhibits lower acute toxicity. Nonetheless, monitoring of 3-PBA in biota and habitats supports assessment of exposure to pyrethroid use and environmental transformation.
Stability, Storage, and Handling
Store solid or solution reference materials in tightly closed containers, protected from light and moisture, at recommended temperatures (e.g., 2–8 °C or as stated on the CoA). Avoid prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures and acidic or basic conditions that may promote degradation or esterification during derivatization workflows.
Use amber glassware and validated storage intervals; verify stability with control charts and bracketing standards during analytical runs.
Safety Measures
Handle with standard laboratory precautions: lab coat, gloves, eye protection, and work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood. Avoid ingestion, inhalation of dust/aerosols, and contact with skin and eyes. Consult the Safety Data Sheet for detailed hazard and first-aid information specific to the product grade and solvent matrix.
Applications for Laboratories
Food and feed residue testing for pyrethroid use and compliance verification.
Environmental surveillance in surface water, wastewater, and sediments to track transformation and transport of pyrethroids.
Human biomonitoring for population exposure assessment and occupational hygiene.
Method Development and Validation
Use matrix-matched calibration and isotopically labelled internal standards to control for matrix effects. Establish limits of detection/quantification, recovery, precision, and measurement uncertainty according to ISO/IEC 17025 and relevant guidance.
Participate in proficiency testing schemes and maintain ongoing QC with independent check standards and fortified matrix samples.
Related Reference Materials
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (neat and solution formats), isotopically labelled 3-PBA (e.g., deuterated/13C), and selected parent pyrethroids and additional metabolites to support comprehensive method coverage.
Why HPC Standards
HPC Standards GmbH manufactures and supplies high-purity reference materials for pesticides, their metabolites, and stable isotope-labelled derivatives. Our materials are tested according to international quality requirements and support laboratories in food and environmental analysis to ensure regulatory compliance with reliable, traceable quantification.